Daylight roll-film-developing apparatus.



PATENTED JAN. 31, 1905;

J M. BRAINBRD.

DAYLIGHT ROLL FILM DEVELOPING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1904.

1 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Y I W @51 filkkom PATENTED JAN. 31, 1905.

J M. BRAINERD.

DAYLIGHT ROLL FILM DEVELOPING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 7, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented January 31, 1905.

PATENT QFFIQE.

J. MILLARD BRAINERD, OF ROME, NEW YORK.

DAYLIGHT ROLL-FILIVl-DEVELOPING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,393, dated January31, 1905.

Application filed March 7, 1904. Serial No. 196,901.

To mZZ 112711072, 1 b uny concern:

Be it known that I, J. MILLARD BRAINERD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rome, in the county of Oneida and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in DaylightRollFilm-Developing Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact specification of the same.

This invention relates to a daylight rollfilm-developing apparatus foruse by photog raphers and others in the development and the necessarytreatment of sensitized photographic films subsequent to their exposurewithout resorting to a dark room.

In the present invention I have provided a simple and compact form ofapparatus which, consisting of a few parts, is cheap of manufacture, canbe packed or stored in a small space, easily carried from one place toanother, and is economical in the use of developing and fixing fluids.

Provision is made in my apparatus for placing the roll-film or cartridgein the bath or solution without exposing the sensitized surface to theactinic rays of light, and the film under treatment may have movementimparted thereto for the purpose of securing smooth development, or itmay remain at rest in a very dilute developing solution to allow thefilm to remain quiescent for a certain periodsay an hour or so-forcomplete development similar to the practice followed in what is knownas the tank or stand system of development.

Broadly stated, my invention contemplates the employment of one or aplurality of reciprocatory members or elements embodied, preferably, inthe form of a plunger or plungers mounted or arranged to traverse afilmspool compartment and adapted to double the film in two or morelengths upon itself and to carry said lengths of the film from one rollor cartridge into a bath or solution that is contained in a subjacenttreatment chamber or reservoir, whereby the plunger or plungers may beoperated subsequent to placing the cartridge in the apparatus to immersetwo or more lengths of a doubled film into a bath thereof into thetreatment-chamber.

without exposing the sensitized surface to light.

My apparatus can be used to good advantage in connection with short orsix-exposure cartridges now in favor with the camera trade and users,because the apparatus is small and compact. The apparatus forrollcartridges of this class is supplied with a single plunger which isadapted to double the film as it is drawn from the cartridge-spool andto move such doubled length of film into the bath, whereby the length ofthe treatment-chan'iber is required to be approximately one half thetotal length of the cartridge-film, thus materially reducing the size ofthe apparatus and securing a compact portable structure which requires acom1.)aratively small volume of solution in the treatment of the film.The plunger or plungers and the supporting devices for the cartridge areso arranged and related that the plunger or plungers are adapted intheir endwise movement to engage with the back of the film or with thepaper backing with which the cartridge-film is supplied. This preventsthe plunger or plungers from engaging directly with or defacing thesensitized surface of the film, and said plunger or plungers also liebetween the lengths of the doubled film, so as to l'nechanicallyseparate or space them, thus providing for free and quick access by theliquid to all parts of the film under treatment. In connection with thecartridge-spool chamber I employ means for holding the free or otherwiseunconfined end of the film and the backing therefor, while thecartridgespool is mounted to rotate freely in said chamber, thuspermitting the film to unwind when it is engaged by the reciprocatorymember or plunger that becomes effective in doubling the film uponitself and in carrying the lengths The cartridge containing or spoolchamber is also equipped with means by which the rapid and undesirableunwinding tendency of the paper backing from the cartridge -film ischecked, thus overcoming the too free movement of the paper backing intothe treatmentchamber and causing said backing to lie sub: stantiallyparallel to the film in order to prevent the backing from. pressingagainst the film in the treatment-chamber, which otherwise might have atendency to bulge out the film and press its sensitized surface againstthe walls of said chamber.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear in thecourse of the subjoined description, and the actual scope thereof willbe defined by the annexed claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, wherein like characters of reference are used toindicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through a daylightroll-film-developing apparatus constructed in accordance with oneembodiment of my invention, the plane of the section being indicated bythe dotted line 1 1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a similar sectional view atright angles to Fig. 1 and taken in the plane of the dotted line 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional view, the plane of the section beingindicated by the dotted line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detailperspective view of the cartridge-spool holderand the film-clamp removedfrom the apparatus. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section throughanother embodiment of the invention, wherein a plurality of plungers areemployed to fold or double a film two or more times and to carry thesame into a bath of the tank. Fig. 6 is a detail crosssection on theline 6 6 of Fig. 5, showing one form of guide-roller adapted to engagewith a sensitized surface of a film without injury thereto. Fig. 7 is adetail cross sectional view through a form of apparatus wherein aplurality of plungers may be used and devices are provided for liftingthe sensitized surface of the film off the dividing-roller.

I will first proceed to describe the apparatus shown by Figs. 1 to 3,inclusive, of the drawings, which represent one embodiment of theinvention that is especially adapted for the development and treatmentof that kind of roll-film cartridges known to the art as short films orsix-exposure cartridges, owing to the fact that it is of such a lengthas to contain enough film for making six exposures when used in acamera. 10 designates a casing which consists of a lower section ormember 11 and an upper member 12, the same being made of any suitablematerial and of any desired form and size. As shown, the lower member 11is quite long and narrow, the width thereof being sufficient toaccommodate a film of standard size. The upper member 12 of the casingis larger than the lower member 11, so as to produce a shoulder or ledge13 between the two members, although the parts may be rounded or curved,as shown by the drawings. The member 12 provides a long narrowtreatment-chamber 1 1, and it may be made of opaque material, such asmetal, or of translucent or semitransparent material, such as celluloidor glass, suitably mitted light.

colored to overcome transmission of the actinic rays of light and permitthe operator to observe the process of development by trans The uppermember 12 of the casing provides a compartment 15, adapted to receivemeans for holding a roll-film and means for clamping an end portion ofsuch film.

I provide a spool-holder 17, having means for mounting the spool of afilm-cartridge revolubly therein, and this holder is adapted tocooperate with a film-box 16 in a way to clamp or hold an end portion ofthe film between the film-box and the spool-holder. The film-box is openat the bottom, but is closed at its top, sides, and ends, and saidfilm-box is arranged to have a snug fit in the chamber 15 in order torest on the shoulder or ledge 13 in a way to prevent the passage oflight-rays through the chamber 15 and into the treatment-chamber 14,thus preventing the sensitized surface of the film from becomingaffected by the light-rays. The film-box is free to have a limitedslidable movement in the compartment 15, and, as shown, this box has atop 18, which is hinged or pivoted at 19 to an end or side wall of thebox. The top may be locked in a closed condition on the box by anysuitable form of fastener such, for example, as the spring-latch 20. Thefilm-box is provided with an internal wall 21 within one end thereof,said wall being inclined, as shown by Fig. 1, and producing a shoulder22, that is adapted to serve as a guide for a film and its backing whenthey are carried by the movement of the plunger from the spoolchamberinto the treatment-chamber. 1n the lower part of the film-box is mountedanother guide 23, preferably in the form of a frictionroller, the samebeing spaced with relation to the shoulder 22 and arranged paralleltherewith, thus leaving an opening between the shoulder and the rollerthrough which a doubled film is adapted to be moved. To the top 18 ofthe film-box is secured a guide 2%, which extends upwardly from the topand is preferably in the form of a loop or bail, thus making the member2 1 serve as a handle in raising or lowering the film-box and as a guidefor a plunger to be presently described. The legs of the guide or handleare hollow, as shown by Fig. 2, and the upper part of said guide is cutaway and fashioned to produce a seat 25 for the handle of the plunger.

The plunger 26 is shown as consisting of the side rods 27, a cross-piece28, a roller 29 on said cross-piece at the lower end of the plunger, anda handle 80 at the upper portion of the plunger. The side bars or rodsof the plunger are fitted slidably in the hollow legs of the guide andhandle to permit the plunger to have free movement in the guide, andwhen the plunger is lowered its full distance, so as to pass through thefilmbox and the spool-holder and into the treatment-chamber, the handle30 of the plunger fits snugly in the seat of the handle or guide, asshown by Fig. 2. The side rods of the plunger are fastened rigidly tothe crosspiece 28, while the roller or sleeve 29 is fitted on thecross-piece between the rods to turn freely thereon when the plunger islowered and has frictional engagement with the paper backing or the backside of the film.

Although I have shown and described a particular form of plunger whichis adapted for use with the other parts of the apparatus as contemplatedby this invention, I do not strictly confine myself to any special formof plunger.

The spool-holder 17 is shown more clearly by Fig. 4 of the drawings inthe form of a skeletonized frame havingafianged top plate 31 and thedependinglugs or sides 32, the whole being made of metal, so as to giveto the sides or ears a certain degree of elasticity which permits themto be spread slightly in order to introduce the spool of the roll-filminto the holder. The top plate 31 of the holder has a large openingtherein, and one of the side bars of the holder is doubled or foldedupon itself to produce a clamping-flange 33, which extends downwardly,as shown. The sides or ears 32 are provided on their opposing faces withpintles or studs 34:, that are adapted to fit in the usual recesses orsockets which are provided in the end portions of the film-spool A. Toprevent the paper backing 7) of the film a from unwinding freely afterthe spool is fitted inthe holder, I provide a brake or stop 35, which isin the form of a curved spring that is integral with or attached to thetop plate 31 at the middle portion thereof, said brake or stop beingarranged to have frictional engagement with the paper backing of thefilm and being effective in securely holding the film and the backing ina rolledup condition. The spool-holder is constructed to fit snugly inthe film-box to assume the position shown more clearly by Fig. 1.wherein the clamping-flange 33 fits over an edge portion of thefilm-box, so as to cooperate therewith in firmly holding a free oruncon-.

fined edge portion of the paper backing across the film-box and the pathof the plunger.

The apparatus is intended to remain in an upright position during thetreatment of the film, and any suitable means may be employed forsupporting or holding the same-- such, for example, as means forfastening the casing on an edge portion of a table, &c. As shown by thedrawings, however, the apparatus is equipped with a leg or standard 36,which is provided with an angular end 37, said leg being hinged orpivoted at 38 to the casing at a suitable point below the upper enlargedmember 12 thereof. The leg may be turned outward to bring the angularend 37 against the casing, and the apparatus stands on the lower end ofthe casing and the leg in a slightly-inclined position, as shown by Fig.1, although this is not essential.

In using my invention the plunger is lifted until its cross-pieceengages with the under side of the hinged top 18, and the latch 20 isthen released to allow the hinged top to be thrown back to an openposition, thus exposing the spool-holder to access. The film-box havingbeen withdrawn from the member 12, the plunger raised, and the top 18lifted to an open position,.access can be obtained easily I to thespool-holder for the purpose of withdrawing it from the film-box. Thecartridge in a rolled-up condition is now slipped into position betweenthe sides or ears of the spool -holder from the under side thereof, andthe pintles of this holder slip or spring into the sockets of the spool,the sides or ears of the holder yielding sufficiently for thecartridge-spool to pass the pintles. An end portion of the paper backingis now withdrawn from the cartridge, the spool of which turns freely onthe pintles but not enough of the backing is withdrawn to expose thefilm. The backing thus withdrawn extends across the spool-holder,substantially as shown by Fig. 4, and the spring brake or stop of theholder engages frictionally with the cartridge to prevent the film andthe backing from unwinding. The holder, with the cartridge therein, isnow placed in the film-box and the end portion of the backing is grippedbetween the clam ping-flange of the holder and-an edge portion of thefilm-box, whereby one end of the film-backing is held across the path ofthe plunger. (SeeFig.8.) \Vhenthefilm-boxand the spool-holder are placedin the upper compartment 15 of the casing, the plunger takes the raisedposition shown by Fig. 5 of the drawings, and the film-box cooperateswith the shoulder 13 in a way to prevent the passage of the actinic raysof light into the treatment-chamber. The developing solution may now bepoured into the upper compartment 15 of the casing, and it finds its wayaround the film-box into the treatment-chamber. The plunger is nowpressed downwardly from the raised position so as to pass through thespool-holder and the film-box and enter the treatment-chamber. Theinitial downward movement of the plunger causes the roller to engagewith the paper backing, and as one end of the backing is held by theclampingfiange the continued downward movement of the plunger acts onthe backing and the film to unwind the same from the cartridge-spool andto carry the film and the backing downwardly into the treatment-chamber,thereby subjecting the film to the action of the developing solution.W'hen the plunger is fully lowered into the treatment-chamber, thehandle of said plunger engages with the seat 25 of the guide, thusarresting the downward movement of said plunger. The apparatus may beheld in an upright position by the leg or by any suitable means, and itmay remain at rest for any desired length of time, particularly if aweak developing solution is employed to secure slow development of thesensitized surface of the film in accordance with the tank or standsystem of development. On the other hand, the film-box and the plungermay be given a reciprocatory movement by the operation of the hand whichgrasps the handle or guide 24, and in this event a cover 39 should beplaced over the upper end of the member 12 to exclude light-rays fromthe treatmentchamber on the upward movement of the film-box away fromthe shoulder 13. The use of this cover may be dispensed with when theplunger and the film-box are at rest. On the downward movement of thefilm and its backing with the plunger one side of the film rides againstthe roller 23, while the other side of the film rides against theshoulder 22, whereby the sensitized surfaces of the doubled length offilm are prevented from engaging with the opposing walls of thetreatment-chamber. The roller at the lower part of the plunger engageswith the back side of the film or with the backing, and this plungerserves to separate or space the lengths of the doubled film, thusallowing the developing solution to have free access to the film. Thetreatment-chamher, the plunger, and the film holding and clampingdevices are so arranged and propertioned that the film will be fullywithdrawn and immersed in the solution of the tank when the plunger islowered, and this plunger also performs the function of holding the filmand the backing in a taut condition to prevent buckling thereof and toovercome en gagement of the sensitized sides of the film with the wallsof the treatment-chamber.

A practical advantage of the spring brake or stop 35 resides in itsability to prevent too rapid unwinding of the backing and the lilmduring the operation of depressing the plunger, thus preventing thestiff paper backing from pressing against the film to make itssensitized surface engage the walls of the treatment-chamber.

The operation of reciprocating the film-box and the plunger with thefilm in the treatmentchamber imparts smooth development to the film whenit is desired to secure quick development thereof.

After the film shall have been developed the operator can invert theapparatus in order to pour off the solution. The device can now berestored to its proper position and a quantity of water can beintroduced into the treatment-chamber, after which the water can bepoured off and a fixing solution introduced into the chamber to completethe treatment of the film. Of course the condition of the film undertreatment may be ascertained quite readily by looking through thetransparent member 11 of the casing. The filmbox and the plunger may bewithdrawn from the apparatus when the treatment is completed, and thefilm, with its backing, can easily be removed from the spool-holder andthe film-boX.

In the embodiment of the invention shown by Figs. 5 and 6' of thedrawings I have shown an apparatus which contemplates the employment ofa plurality of plungers in connection with the casing, the film-box, andthe spool-holder, each of said parts being constructed and arranged foroperation substantially as hereinbefore described. This type ofapparatus is especially well adapted for use on longer film-cartridges,which are designed for twelve or more exposures, but by duplieating theparts and increasing the size of the apparatus more than two plungersmay be used for still longer films. The member 11 of the casing has itstreatment-chamber divided into separate compartments by a longitudinalpartition &0, and at the upper end of this partition is arranged ahorizontal guide-roller T1, the latter being journaled on a suitable pin4:2, fixed in the casing or fitted rcmovably therein. The film-box 16 isfitted for movement in the upper com partment of the casing, and saidbox is provided with two or more guides 24 for the plungers 26 26, saidplungers being disposed for movement in paths on opposite sides of theroller M in order that the plungers may work individually in theseparate compartments of the treatmentchamber. The spool-holder 17 isdisposed to remain in a fixed position in the film-box for movementtherewith, and this holder has the pintles for revolubly supporting thecartridgespool A and the flange 33 for gripping the free end of thefilm-backing. After the cartridge shall have been placed in the holder,the latter placed in the film-box, and the parts fitted in the casingthe solution may be introduced into the treatment-chainber. The plungers26 26 may now be depressed, and the film and its backing are unwoundfrom the spool. The initial downward movement of the film with theplungers causes the film to engage with the roller 41, and the twoplungers carry with them the doubled lengths of the film into theseparate compartments of the treatment-chamher, whereby two doubledlengths of film are drawn from the spool and transferred to the baths inthe treatmentchamber. It is evident that the solution may be pouredoflj' from the chamber after develogment is finished, that water may beintroduced to wash the film and then poured ofi, and finally thefixing-bath can be introduced without removing the film and the plungersfrom the casing. It will be noted that the roller 4C1 lies in the pathof the film for engagement with the sensitized side thereof, and tolimit the area of this engagement between the roller and said side ofthe film I prefer to make the roller with enlargements 41* at the endportions thereof. When the film is carried downward with the plungers,the enlargements ef the roller have engagement with the sensitized sideof the film at the edge portions thereof, and the roller is thusprevented from marring or defacing the exposed sensitized surface of thefilm.

In Fig. 7 of the drawings I have shown means for liftingthe film abovethe dividingroller 41? when the film-box, the spool-holder, and theplungers are reciprocated vertically, whereby that part of the filmwhich engages with the roller may be exposed to access by the bath orsolution. As shown, the filmlifting devices are embodied in the form ofcurved flanges or ledges 43, which are provided on the inner opposingsides of the filmbox at the lower open portion thereof. The roller 41 issupported in the chamber 15 at a point quite close to the positionassumed by the film-box when lowered, and the flanges or shoulders 43are curved to fit snugly to or around the arbor of the roller 41, asshown. The plungers, the film-box, and the spoolholder may be movedvertically, and on the upward movement of the parts the ledges 4:3 liftthe bight of the film above the roller 41, thus allowing the solution orbath to have free access to that part of the film which otherwise restson the roller.

The plungers 26 26 may be depressed simultaneously or successively; but,as shown by the drawings, the plungers are independent one of the other,and they are intended to be depressed successively that is, the.plunger26 is first forced down to draw the film from the spool and across theroller 41 and thereafter the plunger 26 is pressed down to engage thefilm stretched between the spool and the roller 4:1-thereby carrying twodoubled lengths of film into the compartment of the treatment-chamber.

Changes in the form, minor details of construetion, size, and proportionof parts may be made without departing from the spirit or sacrificingthe advantages of my invention.

- 1 therefore reserve the right to make such alterations as fairly fallwithin the scope of the box into said chamber.

u. A daylight film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, afilm-box movable with respect thereto, and a plunger arranged to bemoved with said box and capable of an independent movement across thesame and into the treatment-chamber.

1. A daylight film developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, alight-tight film-box having means for holding a film, said box beingremovable from registration with the chamber, and a plunger arranged tomove through the film-box and the treatmentchamber.

5. A daylight film -'developing apparatus having a treatmcut-chamber, afilm-box, and a film-transferring plunger mounted in said film-box.

6. A daylight film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, afilm-box in registration with said chamber and movable with respect tothe same, said box being removable, and a film transferring devicemounted in said film-box.

7. A film-developing apparatus having a spool-chamber and atreatmentchamber in communication one with the other, the length of thelatter chamber exceeding that of the former chai'nber, means for holdinga roll-film in said spool-chamber, and means for transferring a doubledor folded length of film from the spool-chamber into the long narrowtreatment-chamber.

8. A film-developing apparatus having a spool-chamber, and atreatment-chamber in communication one with the other, means for holdinga roll-film in said spool-chamber, means for holding an end portion ofsaid film, and means adapted to move between the film holding andclamping means for doubling or folding a portion of the film back uponitself.

9. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, aspool-chamber in communication with the treatment chamber, means forholding an end portion of the rollfilm across the spool-chamber, andmeans for doubling a film and moving it into the treatment-chamber.

10. A film-developing apparatus having a treatmcut-chamber, and aspool-chamber in communication one with the other, a roll-film holder inthe spool-chamber, and a plunger for doubling a film on itself andmoving it from the spool-chamber into the treatmentchamber.

11. A lilm-develo1 )ing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, alight-tight film-box re- 13. A film-developing apparatus having atreatmen t-chamber, a light-tight film-box, and a film-plunger arrangedto traverse said filmbox and to transfer lengths or strips of a doubledfilm from said box into the treatmentchamber.

14. A film-developing apparatus having a film-chamber, atreatment-chamber, means for holding in the film-chamber an end portionof a film in an extended position, and a plunger arranged to engage withthe back side of a' film and to space lengths or strips of the film inthe treatment-chamber.

15. A film-developing apparatus having a film-chamber, atreatment-chamber, means for holding an end portion of a roll-film, anda plunger movable into both chambers and effective in separating lengthsof a roll-film in the treatment-chamber.

16. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber and anenlarged compartment producing a shoulder or ledge, a filmbox occupyingsaid compartment and disposed opposite to the shoulder therein, andmeans for transferring a film from said box to the treatment-chamber.

17. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a film-boxmovable relatively to said chamber, and a plunger fitted to said box andmovable therewith.

18. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a film-box,a spool-holder in said box, and a plunger arranged to traverse the boxand the treatment-chamber.

19. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, aspool-holder having means for clamping an end portion of a film, and aplunger arranged to pass through the spool-holder.

20. A film developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a movablefilm-box, a spool-holder fitted to said box and movable therewith, andmeans for transferring a film from the box to said chamber.

21. A filmdeveloping apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a movablefilm-box, a spool-holder fitted in said box for movement therewith,means for clamping an end portion of a film, and a plunger arranged topass through the box.

22. A filmdeveloping apparatus having a treatment-chamber, and an uppercompartment, means for holding a roll-film in said compartment, aplunger, and a guide at one side of the path of the plunger fordirecting a film into the treatment-chamber.

23. A filmdeveloping apparatus having a long narrow treatmentchamber andan enlarged upper compartment and ashoulderbetween said chamber and thecompartment, a film-box occupying said compartment and cooperating withthe shoulder to exclude the passage of light-rays into the treatmentchamher, and film-transferring devices.

24. A filmdeveloping apparatus having a easing provided with atreatment-chamber, means for supporting said casing in an uprightposition, means for supporting a rollfilm over said chamber, and afilm-transferring device.

25. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a movablefilm-box having a guide, and a plunger slidably fitted to the guide andadapted to pass through the film-box into the chamber.

26. A film-developing apparatus having a treatmcnt-chamber, a film-boxfitted removably to said treatment-clmmber,and a skeletonized plungerslidable through the film-box into the treatmen t-chamber.

27. A film-developing apparatus having a divided treatment-chamber and afilm compartment in communication with said chamber, means for holdingan end portion across said film-compartment, and a plurality of plungersarranged to pass through a film-compartment and to enter thecompartments of the treatment-chamber.

28. A film-developing apparatus having a treatmentchamber, a partitiontherein, a guide adjacent to thepartition, a film-box disposed over thetreatmentchamber, and plungers arranged to pass through said filmbox andspaced to travel in paths on the respective sides of the partition.

29. A film-developing apparatus having a divided treatment-chamber, afilm-box adjacent to an end portion of the treatment-chamher and havingmeans for holding and clamping a roll-film, and a plurality of plungersmovable across the film-box and into the compartments of thetreatment-chainber.

30. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a guideacross the mouth of the chamber, a film-box adjacent to an end portionof said treatment-chamber, and a plurality of plungers mounted in saidbox to traverse the same and movable in paths on the respective sides ofthe guide.

31. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a movablefilm-box, a guide-roller across the mouth of the chamber and adjacent tothe film-box, and plungers movable across the film-box and on therespective sides of the guide-roller.

32. In a film-developing apparatus, a filmholder having means forrevolubl y supporting a roll-film, and a loclc arranged to act on theroll-film and to arrest unwinding thereof.

33. In a film-devr-doping apparatus, a filmbox having means forrevolubly supporting a roll-film, and means for clamping an end portionof a film to said box.

3 1. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a movablefilm-box,a filmholder fitted removably to said box and having meanscooperating with a part of the box for clamping an end portion of afilm, and a plunger arranged to traverse the film-box and enter thechamber.

38. A film-developing apparatus having treatment-chamber, a film -boX,and means whereby a film may be transferred from said boX to saidchamber and While said film is contained in said chamber it may be givena reciprocatory agitating movement therein.

39. A film-developing apparatus having a treatment-chamber, a film-box,and a plunger arranged to transfer a film from said box to said chamberand adapted to be operated for giving a reciprocating movement to thefilm While it is held in a taut condition and Worked in the chamber.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my oWn I hereunto sign myname in the presence of two Witnesses.

J. MILLARD BRAIN ERD.

WVitnesses:

J. MILDRED BRAINERD, FLORENCE A. VREDENBURG.

